, , or
+# tag blocks. Typically, these tags are used to
+# display text where smart quotes and other "smart punctuation" would
+# not be appropriate, such as source code or example markup.
+#
+#
+# == Backslash Escapes
+#
+# If you need to use literal straight quotes (or plain hyphens and
+# periods), RubyPants accepts the following backslash escape sequences
+# to force non-smart punctuation. It does so by transforming the
+# escape sequence into a decimal-encoded HTML entity:
+#
+# \\ \" \' \. \- \`
+#
+# This is useful, for example, when you want to use straight quotes as
+# foot and inch marks: 6'2" tall; a 17" iMac. (Use 6\'2\"
+# resp. 17\".)
+#
+#
+# == Algorithmic Shortcomings
+#
+# One situation in which quotes will get curled the wrong way is when
+# apostrophes are used at the start of leading contractions. For
+# example:
+#
+# 'Twas the night before Christmas.
+#
+# In the case above, RubyPants will turn the apostrophe into an
+# opening single-quote, when in fact it should be a closing one. I
+# don't think this problem can be solved in the general case--every
+# word processor I've tried gets this wrong as well. In such cases,
+# it's best to use the proper HTML entity for closing single-quotes
+# ("’") by hand.
+#
+#
+# == Bugs
+#
+# To file bug reports or feature requests (except see above) please
+# send email to: mailto:chneukirchen@gmail.com
+#
+# If the bug involves quotes being curled the wrong way, please send
+# example text to illustrate.
+#
+#
+# == Authors
+#
+# John Gruber did all of the hard work of writing this software in
+# Perl for Movable Type and almost all of this useful documentation.
+# Chad Miller ported it to Python to use with Pyblosxom.
+#
+# Christian Neukirchen provided the Ruby port, as a general-purpose
+# library that follows the *Cloth API.
+#
+#
+# == Copyright and License
+#
+# === SmartyPants license:
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2003 John Gruber
+# (http://daringfireball.net)
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+# the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#
+# * Neither the name "SmartyPants" nor the names of its contributors
+# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+# software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors
+# "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not
+# limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
+# for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the
+# copyright owner or contributors be liable for any direct, indirect,
+# incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including,
+# but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services;
+# loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however
+# caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
+# liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in
+# any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the
+# possibility of such damage.
+#
+# === RubyPants license
+#
+# RubyPants is a derivative work of SmartyPants and smartypants.py.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+# the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#
+# This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors
+# "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not
+# limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
+# for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the
+# copyright owner or contributors be liable for any direct, indirect,
+# incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including,
+# but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services;
+# loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however
+# caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict
+# liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in
+# any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the
+# possibility of such damage.
+#
+#
+# == Links
+#
+# John Gruber:: http://daringfireball.net
+# SmartyPants:: http://daringfireball.net/projects/smartypants
+#
+# Chad Miller:: http://web.chad.org
+#
+# Christian Neukirchen:: http://kronavita.de/chris
+#
+
+
+class RubyPants < String
+
+ # Create a new RubyPants instance with the text in +string+.
+ #
+ # Allowed elements in the options array:
+ #
+ # 0 :: do nothing
+ # 1 :: enable all, using only em-dash shortcuts
+ # 2 :: enable all, using old school en- and em-dash shortcuts (*default*)
+ # 3 :: enable all, using inverted old school en and em-dash shortcuts
+ # -1 :: stupefy (translate HTML entities to their ASCII-counterparts)
+ #
+ # If you don't like any of these defaults, you can pass symbols to change
+ # RubyPants' behavior:
+ #
+ # :quotes :: quotes
+ # :backticks :: backtick quotes (``double'' only)
+ # :allbackticks :: backtick quotes (``double'' and `single')
+ # :dashes :: dashes
+ # :oldschool :: old school dashes
+ # :inverted :: inverted old school dashes
+ # :ellipses :: ellipses
+ # :convertquotes :: convert " entities to
+ # " for Dreamweaver users
+ # :stupefy :: translate RubyPants HTML entities
+ # to their ASCII counterparts.
+ #
+ def initialize(string, options=[2])
+ super string
+ @options = [*options]
+ end
+
+ # Apply SmartyPants transformations.
+ def to_html
+ do_quotes = do_backticks = do_dashes = do_ellipses = do_stupify = nil
+ convert_quotes = false
+
+ if @options.include? 0
+ # Do nothing.
+ return self
+ elsif @options.include? 1
+ # Do everything, turn all options on.
+ do_quotes = do_backticks = do_ellipses = true
+ do_dashes = :normal
+ elsif @options.include? 2
+ # Do everything, turn all options on, use old school dash shorthand.
+ do_quotes = do_backticks = do_ellipses = true
+ do_dashes = :oldschool
+ elsif @options.include? 3
+ # Do everything, turn all options on, use inverted old school
+ # dash shorthand.
+ do_quotes = do_backticks = do_ellipses = true
+ do_dashes = :inverted
+ elsif @options.include?(-1)
+ do_stupefy = true
+ else
+ do_quotes = @options.include? :quotes
+ do_backticks = @options.include? :backticks
+ do_backticks = :both if @options.include? :allbackticks
+ do_dashes = :normal if @options.include? :dashes
+ do_dashes = :oldschool if @options.include? :oldschool
+ do_dashes = :inverted if @options.include? :inverted
+ do_ellipses = @options.include? :ellipses
+ convert_quotes = @options.include? :convertquotes
+ do_stupefy = @options.include? :stupefy
+ end
+
+ # Parse the HTML
+ tokens = tokenize
+
+ # Keep track of when we're inside or tags.
+ in_pre = false
+
+ # Here is the result stored in.
+ result = ""
+
+ # This is a cheat, used to get some context for one-character
+ # tokens that consist of just a quote char. What we do is remember
+ # the last character of the previous text token, to use as context
+ # to curl single- character quote tokens correctly.
+ prev_token_last_char = nil
+
+ tokens.each { |token|
+ if token.first == :tag
+ result << token[1]
+ if token[1] =~ %r!<(/?)(?:pre|code|kbd|script|math)[\s>]!
+ in_pre = ($1 != "/") # Opening or closing tag?
+ end
+ else
+ t = token[1]
+
+ # Remember last char of this token before processing.
+ last_char = t[-1].chr
+
+ unless in_pre
+ t = process_escapes t
+
+ t.gsub!(/"/, '"') if convert_quotes
+
+ if do_dashes
+ t = educate_dashes t if do_dashes == :normal
+ t = educate_dashes_oldschool t if do_dashes == :oldschool
+ t = educate_dashes_inverted t if do_dashes == :inverted
+ end
+
+ t = educate_ellipses t if do_ellipses
+
+ # Note: backticks need to be processed before quotes.
+ if do_backticks
+ t = educate_backticks t
+ t = educate_single_backticks t if do_backticks == :both
+ end
+
+ if do_quotes
+ if t == "'"
+ # Special case: single-character ' token
+ if prev_token_last_char =~ /\S/
+ t = "’"
+ else
+ t = "‘"
+ end
+ elsif t == '"'
+ # Special case: single-character " token
+ if prev_token_last_char =~ /\S/
+ t = "”"
+ else
+ t = "“"
+ end
+ else
+ # Normal case:
+ t = educate_quotes t
+ end
+ end
+
+ t = stupefy_entities t if do_stupefy
+ end
+
+ prev_token_last_char = last_char
+ result << t
+ end
+ }
+
+ # Done
+ result
+ end
+
+ protected
+
+ # Return the string, with after processing the following backslash
+ # escape sequences. This is useful if you want to force a "dumb" quote
+ # or other character to appear.
+ #
+ # Escaped are:
+ # \\ \" \' \. \- \`
+ #
+ def process_escapes(str)
+ str.gsub('\\\\', '\').
+ gsub('\"', '"').
+ gsub("\\\'", ''').
+ gsub('\.', '.').
+ gsub('\-', '-').
+ gsub('\`', '`')
+ end
+
+ # The string, with each instance of "--" translated to an
+ # em-dash HTML entity.
+ #
+ def educate_dashes(str)
+ str.gsub(/--/, '—')
+ end
+
+ # The string, with each instance of "--" translated to an
+ # en-dash HTML entity, and each "---" translated to an
+ # em-dash HTML entity.
+ #
+ def educate_dashes_oldschool(str)
+ str.gsub(/---/, '—').gsub(/--/, '–')
+ end
+
+ # Return the string, with each instance of "--" translated
+ # to an em-dash HTML entity, and each "---" translated to
+ # an en-dash HTML entity. Two reasons why: First, unlike the en- and
+ # em-dash syntax supported by +educate_dashes_oldschool+, it's
+ # compatible with existing entries written before SmartyPants 1.1,
+ # back when "--" was only used for em-dashes. Second,
+ # em-dashes are more common than en-dashes, and so it sort of makes
+ # sense that the shortcut should be shorter to type. (Thanks to
+ # Aaron Swartz for the idea.)
+ #
+ def educate_dashes_inverted(str)
+ str.gsub(/---/, '–').gsub(/--/, '—')
+ end
+
+ # Return the string, with each instance of "..." translated
+ # to an ellipsis HTML entity. Also converts the case where there are
+ # spaces between the dots.
+ #
+ def educate_ellipses(str)
+ str.gsub('...', '…').gsub('. . .', '…')
+ end
+
+ # Return the string, with "``backticks''"-style single quotes
+ # translated into HTML curly quote entities.
+ #
+ def educate_backticks(str)
+ str.gsub("``", '“').gsub("''", '”')
+ end
+
+ # Return the string, with "`backticks'"-style single quotes
+ # translated into HTML curly quote entities.
+ #
+ def educate_single_backticks(str)
+ str.gsub("`", '‘').gsub("'", '’')
+ end
+
+ # Return the string, with "educated" curly quote HTML entities.
+ #
+ def educate_quotes(str)
+ punct_class = '[!"#\$\%\'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?\@\[\\\\\]\^_`{|}~]'
+
+ str = str.dup
+
+ # Special case if the very first character is a quote followed by
+ # punctuation at a non-word-break. Close the quotes by brute
+ # force:
+ str.gsub!(/^'(?=#{punct_class}\B)/, '’')
+ str.gsub!(/^"(?=#{punct_class}\B)/, '”')
+
+ # Special case for double sets of quotes, e.g.:
+ # He said, "'Quoted' words in a larger quote."
+ str.gsub!(/"'(?=\w)/, '“‘')
+ str.gsub!(/'"(?=\w)/, '‘“')
+
+ # Special case for decade abbreviations (the '80s):
+ str.gsub!(/'(?=\d\ds)/, '’')
+
+ close_class = %![^\ \t\r\n\\[\{\(\-]!
+ dec_dashes = '–|—'
+
+ # Get most opening single quotes:
+ str.gsub!(/(\s| |--|&[mn]dash;|#{dec_dashes}|ȁ[34];)'(?=\w)/,
+ '\1‘')
+ # Single closing quotes:
+ str.gsub!(/(#{close_class})'/, '\1’')
+ str.gsub!(/'(\s|s\b|$)/, '’\1')
+ # Any remaining single quotes should be opening ones:
+ str.gsub!(/'/, '‘')
+
+ # Get most opening double quotes:
+ str.gsub!(/(\s| |--|&[mn]dash;|#{dec_dashes}|ȁ[34];)"(?=\w)/,
+ '\1“')
+ # Double closing quotes:
+ str.gsub!(/(#{close_class})"/, '\1”')
+ str.gsub!(/"(\s|s\b|$)/, '”\1')
+ # Any remaining quotes should be opening ones:
+ str.gsub!(/"/, '“')
+
+ str
+ end
+
+ # Return the string, with each RubyPants HTML entity translated to
+ # its ASCII counterpart.
+ #
+ # Note: This is not reversible (but exactly the same as in SmartyPants)
+ #
+ def stupefy_entities(str)
+ str.
+ gsub(/–/, '-'). # en-dash
+ gsub(/—/, '--'). # em-dash
+
+ gsub(/‘/, "'"). # open single quote
+ gsub(/’/, "'"). # close single quote
+
+ gsub(/“/, '"'). # open double quote
+ gsub(/”/, '"'). # close double quote
+
+ gsub(/…/, '...') # ellipsis
+ end
+
+ # Return an array of the tokens comprising the string. Each token is
+ # either a tag (possibly with nested, tags contained therein, such
+ # as , or a run of text between
+ # tags. Each element of the array is a two-element array; the first
+ # is either :tag or :text; the second is the actual value.
+ #
+ # Based on the _tokenize() subroutine from Brad Choate's
+ # MTRegex plugin.
+ #
+ # This is actually the easier variant using tag_soup, as used by
+ # Chad Miller in the Python port of SmartyPants.
+ #
+ def tokenize
+ tag_soup = /([^<]*)(<[^>]*>)/
+
+ tokens = []
+
+ prev_end = 0
+ scan(tag_soup) {
+ tokens << [:text, $1] if $1 != ""
+ tokens << [:tag, $2]
+
+ prev_end = $~.end(0)
+ }
+
+ if prev_end < size
+ tokens << [:text, self[prev_end..-1]]
+ end
+
+ tokens
+ end
+end